A tiny note on the Gaussian integral

A tiny note on the Gaussian integral

Sergio Eraso

A quick favorite. To evaluate I=ex2dxI = \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} e^{-x^2}\,dx, square it and switch to polar coordinates:

I2= ⁣ ⁣e(x2+y2)dxdy=02π ⁣ ⁣0er2rdrdθ=π.I^2 = \int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\!\!\int_{-\infty}^{\infty} e^{-(x^2+y^2)}\,dx\,dy = \int_0^{2\pi}\!\!\int_0^{\infty} e^{-r^2} r\,dr\,d\theta = \pi.

So I=πI = \sqrt{\pi}. (Placeholder post — replace with your own.)